Decision Tool Results
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Transferable Development Rights
In addition to municipal land, municipalities can also dispose of rights to engage in more intensive land development—a higher floor space index (FSI) or higher FAR—as a way to “finance” and incent
Direct Grants
One common form of fiscal incentive is a direct grant (typically a reimbursement for allowable expenses) to a commercial building owner or space user in exchange for certain actions, such as the hi
Low-Cost Loans
Another form of fiscal incentive is a low-cost loan program. Such programs may be used to encourage businesses to locate in a designated urban renewal area.
Tax Incentives
Selective and intelligently designed tax incentives can play a major role in absorbing private sector capital for urban regeneration.
Sale or Long-Term Lease of a Municipally-Owned Site through an Arm’s-Length Transaction
Land assets are an important ingredient of subnational government finance in many developing countries.
Land Swaps
A land swap is a tool that empowers a city to trade a municipally owned site with a privately owned site.
Sale or Long-Term Lease through a Strategic Negotiated Transaction
The government can carry out negotiations directly with developers in a nontransparent form.
Public Land as an “In Kind” Payment in Return for Construction of Public Infrastructure
This financing approach is viable if a municipality owns a parcel of land that has market value greater than the estimated cost of infrastructure required.
Public Land as an Equity Contribution toward a Joint Venture
A variation of the in-kind payment approach is when a municipality uses the value of its land as an equity contribution toward a joint venture with a developer.
Land Readjustment
Land readjustment is an approach that is commonly used in East Asian countries, such as Japan and the Republic of Korea.
